Everything about The Duchy Of Carinthia totally explained
The
Duchy of Carinthia (; ) was a
duchy located in southern
Austria and parts of northern
Slovenia. It was part of the
Holy Roman Empire from
976 until the dissolution of the Empire in
1806, and a crownland of
Austria-Hungary until it dissolved in
1918. In 1918, the majority of the duchy became the Austrian State of
Carinthia, a smaller south-eastarn part (
Slovene Carinthia and the commune of
Jezersko) was included in the
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, while the Kanaltal (the municipalities of
Tarvisio,
Pontebba and
Malborghetto Valbruna (Slovenian: Trbiž, Tablja, Naborjet - Ovčja vas)) were annexed to
Italy.
Carantania and medieval dynasties
In the
7th century it was part of the
Principality of Carantania. It was part of the empire of
Charlemagne from
788 to
843, when it became part of the eastern
Frankish kingdom of
Louis the German. From
889 to
976 it was the
March of Carinthia.
In
976,
Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor named once again separated duke for the Duchy of Karantanija and for the Duchy of Bavaria (they have the same duke for a couple of decades). In
995,
Adalbero I of Eppenstein became
margrave, in
1012 Duke of Carinthia. He was removed from office in
1035. In
1077, the country was given to
Luitpold, another member of the
Eppensteiner family, which, however, ended with the death of
Henry II of Carinthia in
1122. At that time, a lot of territory in what is today
Upper Styria passed to
Ottokar II of Styria. The remainder of Carinthia passed to
Henry III of the
Spanheimer family. The last Spanheimer duke was
Ulrich III, who chose
Ottokar II of Bohemia as his heir. The last Spanheimer,
Philipp, who was
Archbishop of Salzburg, attempted to become duke but didn't prevail against Ottokar in spite of being supported by
Rudolf of Habsburg. He died in
1279.
Habsburgs
Rudolf, after defeating Ottokar and becoming King of Germany, gave Carinthia to
Meinhard II of Gorizia-Tyrol. In
1335, after the death of
Henry, the last male of this line, Emperor
Louis the Bavarian gave Carinthia and the southern part of the
Tyrol as an imperial
fief on
May 2,
1335 in
Linz to the
Habsburg family who ruled it until
1918. As the other component parts of the
Habsburg monarchy, Carinthia remained a semi-autonomous state with its own constitutional structure for a long time. The Habsburgs divided up their territories within the family twice, in the
1379 Treaty of Neuberg and again in
1564. Each time, the Duchy of Carinthia became part of
Inner Austria and was ruled jointly with
Styria and
Carniola.
Maria Theresa of Austria and
Joseph II attempted to create a more unitary Habsburg state, and in
1804, Carinthia was integrated into the
Austrian Empire. In
1867, it became a
Kronland of
Cisleithania, the western part of
Austria-Hungary. See
History of Austria.
Over the centuries,
German, which carried more prestige, expanded at the expense of
Slovenian.
20th century
Following the end of the
First World War and the dissolution of
Austria-Hungary, the
Carinthian Plebiscite was held on
October 10,
1920 to determine the fate of Carinthia. The province was subsequently divided into a larger part that became part of
Austria, while a smaller part became part of the
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, today in
Slovenia.
The Austrian part of
Carinthia is now a
federal state of Austria, and most of the Slovenian part of
Carinthia is an informal province in Slovenia. The
Canal Valley around
Tarvisio, part of Carinthia until
1918, became part of
Italy.
Dukes of Carinthia
Various dynasties
Luitpolding House
Salian House
Otto I (978-985)
Luitpolding House
Henry I (985-989), again, Duke of Bavaria 983-985
Liudolfing House
Henry II (989-995), also Duke of Bavaria 985-995
Henry III (995-1002), also Duke of Bavaria 995-1005
Salian House
Otto I (1002-1004), again
Conrad I (1004-1011)
House of Eppenstein
Adalbero (1011-1035)
Salian House
Conrad II (1036-1039)
Henry IV (1039-1047), also Duke of Bavaria 1026-1041 and Holy Roman Emperor 1046-1056
Elder House of Welf
Welf (1047-1055)
House of Ezzonen
Conrad III (1056-1061)
House of Zähringen
Berthold II (1061-1077)
House of Eppenstein
Luitpold (1077-1090)
Henry V (1090-1122)
Henry III (1122-1124)
Engelbert (1124-1134)
Ulrich I (1134-1144)
Henry IV (1144-1161)
Herman (1161-1181)
Ulrich II (1181-1201)
Bernhard (1201-1256)
Ulrich III (1256-1269)
Various dynasties
Přemysl Otakar (1269-1276), also King of Bohemia 1253-1278
Rudolph of Habsburg (1276-1286), also King of Germany 1273-1291
Meinhard (1286-1295)
Otto III (1295-1310)
Henry V (1310-1335), King of Bohemia 1306/1307-1310
Otto IV (1335-1339), jointly with his brother
Frederick (1358-1362), jointly with his brother
Albert III (1365-1395)
Ernest (1406-1424)
Frederick (1424-1493)
Habsburg territories reunified in 1458
Maximilian I (1493-1519), also Holy Roman Emperor 1508-1519
Charles I (1519-1521), also Holy Roman Emperor 1519-1556
Ferdinand I (1521-1564), also Holy Roman Emperor 1558-1564
Charles II (1564-1590)
Ferdinand II (1590-1637), also Holy Roman Emperor 1619-1637
Carinthia was unified with the rest of the Habsburg territories again in 1619.
See List of rulers of AustriaFurther Information
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